Background: Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is an important secondary cause of resistant hypertension. Although medical therapy remains first-line treatment, renal artery stenting may benefit selected patients with refractory hypertension, recurrent pulmonary edema, or progressive renal dysfunction.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of renal artery stenting on blood pressure control, antihypertensive medication burden, and renal function.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 186 patients with significant renal artery stenosis undergoing stent implantation. Blood pressure, renal function, and medication use were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months.

Results: Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 168.4±18.6 mmHg at baseline to 142.7±16.2 mmHg at 12 months. Mean diastolic pressure decreased from 94.8±10.5 mmHg to 82.3±8.9 mmHg. The average number of antihypertensive drugs decreased from 3.8±1.1 to 2.6±1.0. Renal function remained stable in most patients. Greater benefit was observed in patients with resistant hypertension and bilateral renal artery disease.

Conclusion: Renal artery stenting may improve blood pressure control and reduce medication burden in carefully selected patients. Routine stenting for all patients with renal artery stenosis is not supported; individualized patient selection is essential.

Background: Revascularization is central to the management of advanced peripheral artery disease. Endovascular therapy offers a minimally invasive approach, while surgical bypass remains important for complex lesions and durable limb salvage.

Objective: To compare clinical outcomes of endovascular and surgical revascularization in patients with symptomatic lower-extremity peripheral artery disease.

Methods: A prospective observational study included 620 patients undergoing revascularization between January 2020 and December 2024. Patients were treated with either endovascular intervention or surgical bypass based on anatomy, comorbidity, and multidisciplinary vascular team decision.

Results: Technical success was 96.4% in the endovascular group and 94.8% in the surgical group. One-year primary patency was higher after surgery, while endovascular therapy showed shorter hospital stay and fewer early complications. Limb salvage rates were comparable between groups.

Conclusion: Endovascular therapy provides lower early morbidity and faster recovery, whereas surgical revascularization offers superior long-term patency in selected patients with complex disease. Individualized treatment selection remains essential.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with below-the-knee peripheral arterial disease, chronic limb-threatening ischemia, foot ulceration, infection, and major amputation. Endovascular below-the-knee intervention has become an important limb-salvage strategy.

Objective: To review indications, techniques, outcomes, limitations, and future directions of below-the-knee interventions in diabetic patients.

Methods: This narrative review summarizes contemporary evidence on tibial and pedal artery angioplasty, wound-directed revascularization, drug-coated technologies, atherectomy, pedal loop reconstruction, and multidisciplinary diabetic foot care.

Results: Below-the-knee intervention can improve limb perfusion, promote wound healing, reduce rest pain, and support limb salvage. Outcomes depend on lesion complexity, infection control, renal function, wound severity, pedal arch status, and post-procedural wound care.

Conclusion: Endovascular below-the-knee intervention is a key component of diabetic limb-salvage care. Best outcomes require patient selection, precise revascularization, aggressive infection management, and coordinated vascular, podiatric, diabetic, and wound-care follow-up.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects more than 230 million people worldwide and remains a major cause of disability, limb loss, and cardiovascular morbidity. Endovascular interventions have become the preferred revascularization strategy for many peripheral arterial lesions. However, angiography alone often underestimates lesion severity, vessel size, plaque burden, and procedural complications. Intravascular imaging technologies such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) provide detailed cross-sectional visualization of vessel morphology and lesion characteristics.

Objective

To evaluate the clinical utility, procedural benefits, and outcomes associated with intravascular imaging during peripheral vascular interventions.

Methods

A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted involving 420 patients undergoing peripheral endovascular intervention between January 2020 and December 2024. Outcomes of imaging-guided procedures were compared with angiography-guided interventions.

Results

IVUS-guided interventions demonstrated improved vessel sizing accuracy, higher procedural success rates, reduced stent restenosis, and lower target lesion revascularization rates compared with angiography-guided procedures. Imaging guidance significantly improved long-term patency and reduced adverse limb events.

Conclusion

Intravascular imaging has emerged as a valuable adjunct in peripheral interventions, improving procedural planning, device optimization, and long-term clinical outcomes.

Peripheral drug-eluting stents have improved outcomes in selected patients with peripheral artery disease by reducing restenosis and repeat revascularization compared with plain balloon angioplasty and bare-metal stents. This article reviews long-term efficacy, patency, safety, restenosis patterns, limb outcomes, and clinical implications of drug-eluting stents in femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal arterial disease.